In computer networking, the physical or logical arrangement of devices and communication links in a network is called its what?

Introduction / Context:
When describing networks, it is important to distinguish between how devices are arranged and how data is actually forwarded. The term topology refers to the arrangement of nodes and links, either as they are physically connected or as they appear logically to higher layers. This question checks whether you know the correct term for that arrangement.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• We are dealing with basic networking terminology.
• Networks can be arranged in star, bus, ring, mesh, and other patterns.
• Routing is a separate process that decides the paths that packets take through the network.

Concept / Approach:
Network topology is the term used for describing the pattern of connections between devices. Physical topology focuses on actual cable and hardware connections, while logical topology describes how data flows, which may differ from the physical layout. Examples include star topology where all devices connect to a central switch, and bus topology where all devices share a common backbone. Routing deals with selecting specific paths for data packets, often using tables and algorithms, but does not define the overall arrangement itself.

Step-by-Step Solution:
Step 1: Identify that the question is asking about arrangement, which is related to the structure or pattern of the network.Step 2: Recall that the term network topology is widely used for physical and logical layouts.Step 3: Understand that routing is the process of choosing paths, not defining the layout itself.Step 4: Recognize that networking is a broad term and not specific enough for this definition.Step 5: Choose topology as the correct term for the arrangement of devices and links.

Verification / Alternative check:
Textbooks and exam syllabi list common topologies such as star, bus, ring, mesh, and tree. Each of these describes how nodes are interconnected. In contrast, routing protocols such as RIP, OSPF, or BGP decide how to forward packets through this structure. This clear division confirms that topology is the correct answer for the layout concept.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:
Option B: Routing is about path selection and packet forwarding, not about the overall arrangement.Option C: Saying both topology and routing blurs the distinction; only topology matches the question's definition.Option D: Networking is a general term for the field and does not specifically describe the arrangement of nodes.

Common Pitfalls:
Some learners use topology and routing loosely, but in exam settings you must use precise terms. Another pitfall is to think that topology only refers to physical cabling. Logical topology is equally important, especially in switched and wireless networks where the physical layout may not reflect the logical connections used for data flow.

Final Answer:
The correct answer is Topology.