Groundwater basics – where do perched aquifers occur relative to the regional water table? Perched aquifers form when a local impervious lens intercepts percolating water. Relative to the main phreatic surface (regional water table), perched aquifers are found:

Introduction / Context:
Perched aquifers are frequent in hilly or layered terrains where lens-shaped impervious layers create a local saturated zone separated from the main groundwater body. Recognizing perched conditions prevents misinterpretation of well tests and spring yields.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• A relatively impervious lens (e.g., clay) lies above the regional water table.
• Percolating water collects above this lens, forming a localized saturated zone.

Concept / Approach:
The perched water body is hydraulically disconnected from the main aquifer beneath. Its “perched water table” stands at a higher elevation than the regional water table and is sustained by local recharge until it drains laterally.

Step-by-Step Solution:
Identify the structural control (impervious lens) → causes local saturation above it.Conclude relative position → above the regional water table.

Verification / Alternative check:
Observation wells penetrating only to the perched zone show static levels higher than those in deeper wells tapping the main aquifer.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

• Below/same elevation: contradicts the definition of “perched”.
• “Only within aquicludes” or “only within artesian aquifers”: misuse of terms; an aquiclude does not transmit water, and artesian refers to confined conditions in the main aquifer, not to perched zones.

Common Pitfalls:
Confusing perched saturation after storms with the persistent regional water table; perched levels can be transient.

Final Answer:
Above the regional water table