Within an order processing information system, which subsystem typically initiates the physical order-filling activity by capturing and validating customer requests?

Introduction / Context:
Order-to-cash processes span multiple subsystems: order entry, inventory, picking/packing, shipping, billing, and receivables. Understanding which component triggers downstream physical activities improves system design and coordination between front office and warehouse operations. This question identifies the subsystem that starts order fulfillment.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• An approved customer order authorizes warehouse actions.
• Data captured includes items, quantities, addresses, and terms.
• Subsequent steps (picking, shipping, billing) depend on this initiation.

Concept / Approach:

The order entry subsystem records and validates orders, performs credit checks or availability checks, and then issues picking tickets or tasks. Only after order entry confirms details do physical operations (order-filling) commence. Billing and receivables occur later; manufacturing may replenish stock but does not directly trigger the filling of a specific customer order.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:

Standard ERP flows (e.g., sales order → pick/pack/ship → invoice) show order entry as the initiator of fulfillment tasks.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

Billing/receivables: Financial steps after shipment, not the initiator.

Manufacturing information system: Supports production, not specific order picking.

None: Incorrect because order entry clearly triggers fulfillment.

Common Pitfalls:

Confusing make-to-order production triggers with routine warehouse picking for stocked items—order entry is still the initiator.

Final Answer:

order entry subsystem