Solve this multiple-choice question and choose the correct option.

Waveguides and communication: On which optical principle do fibre-optic cables operate? Consider total internal reflection vs. other wave phenomena inside a high-index core and lower-index cladding. Choose the correct option.

Difficulty: Easy

Interference of coherent beams
Polarization by selective absorption
Scattering by Rayleigh centres
Total internal reflection within the core–cladding structure

Correct Answer: Total internal reflection within the core–cladding structure

Explanation:

ConceptLight launched at angles below the critical angle reflects entirely at the core–cladding boundary (n_core > n_clad), guiding signals over long distances.

Final AnswerTotal internal reflection within the core–cladding structure

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