In analog electronics, which statements correctly describe typical operational amplifier (op-amp) applications and their reliance on feedback?

Introduction / Context:
Operational amplifiers are versatile building blocks used for arithmetic operations on signals. This question probes your knowledge of summing, differencing, and the role of feedback in defining op-amp behavior.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Ideal op-amp assumptions: very high open-loop gain, high input impedance, low output impedance.
• Negative feedback is commonly applied to control closed-loop gain and function.
• Linear operation is assumed (no saturation).

Concept / Approach:

Op-amps implement many linear operations through resistor (and sometimes capacitor) networks around the amplifier using negative feedback. Common functions include summing, averaging, scaling, subtraction (differential), integration, and differentiation.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:

Textbook inverting-summing and differential amplifier schematics both require negative feedback paths; measured closed-loop gains match resistor ratios, confirming feedback's role.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

Choosing only a or b ignores the generality of op-amp functions; 'None of the above' contradicts widespread circuit applications.

Common Pitfalls:

Assuming op-amps perform these functions without proper resistor ratio design; neglecting input common-mode limits and saturation.

Final Answer:

All of the above