Connectivity basics:\nEvaluate this claim about Open Database Connectivity (ODBC):\n\n"ODBC requires the specific driver."

Introduction / Context:
ODBC is a C-based standard API that enables applications to access data from different DBMS products using a common interface. The portability comes from a driver-manager plus individual drivers that translate calls into each DBMS’s native protocol. This question checks whether you know that an ODBC driver for the specific database is required.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• An application issues SQL through ODBC function calls.
• A driver manager routes calls to a vendor-specific ODBC driver.
• Each DBMS (for example, SQL Server, Oracle, MySQL, PostgreSQL) provides or supports its own ODBC driver.

Concept / Approach:
ODBC’s abstraction does not remove the need for a driver. The driver implements protocol details, data type mappings, and features for the target DBMS. Without the correct driver installed and configured (DSN or DSN-less), the connection cannot be established.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:
Attempt to connect with only the driver manager present; the connection fails because no driver exists to speak the DBMS wire protocol.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

• Invalid: contradicts ODBC’s architecture.
• Valid only for JDBC: JDBC also uses drivers, but that does not negate ODBC’s driver requirement.
• Platform- or cloud-only: driver necessity is platform-agnostic.

Common Pitfalls:
Confusing ODBC drivers with OLE DB or JDBC drivers; mismatched 32-bit vs. 64-bit driver; missing SSL or authentication options specific to the DBMS.

Final Answer:
Valid (ODBC needs a DBMS-specific ODBC driver)