Difficulty: Easy
Correct Answer: Chloramine
Explanation:
Introduction / Context:
Clarification requires coagulants to destabilize colloids. Knowing which chemicals serve as coagulants vs. disinfectants or pH adjusters is vital in designing and operating treatment trains.
Given Data / Assumptions:
Concept / Approach:
Alum (Al₂(SO₄)₃) and iron salts (e.g., ferrous sulphate) are classic coagulants. Hydrated lime can enhance coagulation via pH adjustment and, in softening, precipitate hardness—often grouped within the coagulation/softening toolkit. Chloramine (formed from chlorine and ammonia), however, is a secondary disinfectant used for residual maintenance in distribution systems, not for coagulation.
Step-by-Step Solution:
Verification / Alternative check:
AWWA and standard methods list chloramination under disinfection, not coagulation.
Why Other Options Are Wrong:
Common Pitfalls:
Assuming all chemical additions prior to sedimentation are “coagulants.” Some, like lime, primarily adjust pH/alkalinity but are integral to coagulation performance.
Final Answer:
Chloramine
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