Statement — “If it does not rain throughout this month, most farmers would be in trouble this year.”\nAssumptions:\nI. Timely rain is essential for farming.\nII. Most farmers are generally dependent on rainfall.

Introduction / Context:
The problem belongs to Statement–Assumption. We are given a managerial/policy-style statement about rain and farmers, and two candidate assumptions. In this question type, an assumption is an unstated belief taken for granted by the speaker for the statement to make sense. We must test which assumptions are necessary, not merely desirable.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Statement: If there is no rain this month, most farmers will be in trouble this year.
• Assumption I: Timely rain is essential for farming.
• Assumption II: Most farmers are generally dependent on rains.

Concept / Approach:
When a statement predicts widespread trouble for farmers specifically due to lack of rain in a key month, it presupposes that rain is a critical input (timeliness matters) and that a large fraction of farmers rely on rain rather than assured irrigation. If either were untrue, the worry would not follow.

Step-by-Step Solution:
1) Connect cause and effect: “no rain this month” (cause) → “most farmers in trouble” (effect).2) For the effect to hold, rain must be an essential and time-sensitive input → supports Assumption I.3) The statement claims “most farmers” would suffer, implying broad dependence on rainfall → supports Assumption II.4) If farmers had reliable irrigation or rain were not essential, the statement’s fear would be exaggerated or baseless.

Verification / Alternative check:
Imagine a scenario where rain is not essential (greenhouses, drip with reservoirs). The statement would collapse. Likewise, if only a small minority depended on rain, “most” would not be in trouble. Hence both assumptions are required.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:
Only I: misses the breadth implied by “most farmers.” Only II: ignores the time-critical nature of rain. Either I or II: both are independently necessary. Neither: contradicts the causal force of the statement.

Common Pitfalls:
Confusing “supportive facts” with “assumptions.” Here, necessity is key: without each assumption, the prediction loses force.

Final Answer:
Both I and II are implicit.