Atomic structure refresher: what is the net charge of a neutral copper atom under standard conditions?

Introduction / Context:
Electronics begins with atoms, charges, and how they balance. A “neutral” atom, by definition, contains equal numbers of positively charged protons and negatively charged electrons, producing no net charge. This question checks core chemistry–physics knowledge relevant to semiconductor behavior and conductor neutrality.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• We are considering an isolated, neutral copper atom.
• Protons carry +e charge; electrons carry -e charge; neutrons are uncharged.
• “Neutral” means total positive and negative charges sum to zero.

Concept / Approach:
Copper’s atomic number is 29, meaning 29 protons. A neutral copper atom has 29 electrons. The charges cancel: 29*(+e) + 29*(-e) = 0. Net charge is zero; this is true for any neutral atom regardless of element.

Step-by-Step Solution:
1) Identify the meaning of “neutral”: equal positive and negative charges.2) Copper has Z = 29 protons; a neutral atom therefore has 29 electrons.3) Sum charges: total charge = (+29e) + (-29e) = 0.4) Conclude the net charge is zero.

Verification / Alternative check:
Ions, not neutral atoms, carry net charge by gaining or losing electrons. For example, Cu^2+ has lost 2 electrons and has net +2e. Since the stem specifies “neutral,” zero is confirmed.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:
+1 or -1 would indicate ionization by one electron. +4 would indicate a tetravalent ion, which is not what “neutral” means. “None of the above” is unnecessary because 0 is correct.

Common Pitfalls:
Confusing atomic number (protons) with net charge; thinking that conduction electrons in metals imply atoms carry net charge (they do not in the neutral, bulk sense).

Final Answer:
0