Indian national movement: What best describes the nature of India's anti-imperialist struggle? Consider the early phase methods and the predominant strategy led by mass movements. Choose the most accurate description.

Given data

• Asks for a characterization of the Indian freedom struggle.

Concept/ApproachThe early phase (Moderates) emphasized petitions, resolutions, and constitutional methods. Later mass movements under Gandhi were predominantly non-violent (Non-Cooperation, Civil Disobedience, Quit India), though revolutionary/armed strands existed but were not the continuous main strategy.

Step-by-step reasoningOption B captures the evolution: start with constitutional methods → later large-scale non-violent mass action.

Common pitfallsOverstating that it was always peaceful (there were armed episodes) or that it relied on foreign support (it was primarily indigenous).

Final AnswerInitially constitutional and by large non-violent