Analyzing circuits with multiple independent sources — which classical network theorem is specifically applied by turning on one source at a time and summing the individual responses?

Introduction / Context:
Real circuits often contain several independent sources (multiple voltage and/or current sources). Accurately predicting currents and voltages then benefits from a methodical approach that isolates the effect of each source and recombines them. The technique most directly aligned with this idea is the superposition theorem.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Linear, bilateral components (resistors, linear dependent sources, etc.).
• Multiple independent sources are present.
• We seek a principle that evaluates one source at a time.

Concept / Approach:
The superposition theorem states that in any linear circuit with several independent sources, the response (voltage or current) at any element equals the algebraic sum of the responses caused by each independent source acting alone, with all other independent voltage sources replaced by their internal resistance (ideal: short) and all other independent current sources replaced by their internal resistance (ideal: open). Linearity is essential for superposition to hold.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:
Compare the superposition sum with a single-shot nodal/mesh solution including all sources; they match in linear circuits, validating the theorem.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

Common Pitfalls:
Applying superposition to power directly (power is nonlinear in voltage/current); forgetting to properly deactivate sources; using it with nonlinear elements where it does not apply.

Final Answer:
Superposition