In modern United States history, which organized movement is most closely associated with the struggle to end racial discrimination and secure equal rights for African Americans?

Introduction / Context:
The question asks about a famous movement that focused on ending racial discrimination, especially against African Americans, and on winning equal civil and political rights. While many reform movements have fought injustice in different forms, the term most closely associated with ending racial segregation and legal discrimination in the United States is the Civil Rights movement. Understanding this connection is essential for students of world history and general knowledge, because it highlights how organized social protest can change unfair laws and attitudes.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• The question refers specifically to a movement that tried to end racial discrimination.
• The context is modern history, with special reference to African Americans in the United States.
• Several movements are listed, some of which relate to other issues such as the environment or gender equality.
• The learner is expected to identify which named movement is most directly linked with ending racial segregation and racist laws.

Concept / Approach:
The Civil Rights movement mainly refers to the mass movement in the United States from roughly the 1950s to the 1960s. Its leaders and participants worked to end segregation in schools, public transport, housing, and voting, and to secure equal protection under law for African Americans. Non violent protest, legal challenges, boycotts, and marches were key methods. Although other movements, such as the Feminist movement and environmental protests, also challenged unfair systems, they were focused on different targets. Therefore, the correct conceptual link between racial discrimination and a named movement is with the Civil Rights movement.

Step-by-Step Solution:
1. Read the stem carefully and note the key phrase tried to end racial discrimination. 2. Recall that the Civil Rights movement in the United States aimed to end segregation and unequal treatment of African Americans. 3. Compare this with other options, which involve environmental protection, gender equality, or different regional struggles. 4. Recognise that the primary, textbook level answer for a movement against racial discrimination in the United States is the Civil Rights movement. 5. Select The Civil Rights movement from the options as the correct answer.
Verification / Alternative check:
A useful verification method is to link famous leaders and events with the movement name. Figures such as Martin Luther King Jr., Rosa Parks, and organisations like the NAACP are always described as leaders or parts of the Civil Rights movement. Landmark laws such as the Civil Rights Act and the Voting Rights Act are also named after this movement. In contrast, when textbooks discuss the Feminist movement, they focus on women voting rights or workplace equality, and when they mention the Chipko movement, they focus on environmental protection in India. This cross check confirms that the phrase ending racial discrimination is most closely tied to the Civil Rights movement.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:
The Chipko movement mainly protested against deforestation and focused on environmental protection in India, not racial discrimination.
The Feminist movement fights for equality between men and women in areas like voting, employment, and social status, rather than centering on race.
The Negro movement is not a standard label for a single, clearly defined historic movement in exam style general knowledge, so it does not match as well as Civil Rights movement.
The Anti Apartheid movement in South Africa fought racial discrimination there, but the common textbook phrase in world history questions about American racial discrimination is the Civil Rights movement.

Common Pitfalls:
Learners sometimes select any movement that sounds like it is about justice without checking the specific type of injustice. Others may confuse struggles against gender inequality with struggles against race based laws. To avoid such errors, students should link racial segregation and voting rights in the United States firmly with the Civil Rights movement. For questions about racial policies in South Africa, the correct label is usually the Anti Apartheid movement. Knowing this distinction improves accuracy in many similar general knowledge items.

Final Answer:
The correct answer is The Civil Rights movement.