Manufacture of plastic articles: which moulding process is most commonly used for thermoplastic parts?

Introduction / Context:
Mass production of plastic components relies on a moulding process that rapidly cycles, produces tight tolerances, and accommodates a wide range of thermoplastics. Recognising the dominant process is essential for manufacturing and design-for-production decisions.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• The article is a plastic (thermoplastic) part.
• High throughput and dimensional control are desired.
• Metal casting methods (green/dry sand, shell) are not plastic processing methods.

Concept / Approach:
Injection moulding melts thermoplastic pellets and injects the melt into a cooled mould at high pressure. After solidification, the part is ejected and the cycle repeats in seconds to minutes. This process suits complex geometries, integrated features, and large production runs. Other plastic forming processes (compression, blow, thermoforming) have specific niches, but injection moulding is the general workhorse.

Step-by-Step Solution:
Eliminate metal casting processes (green sand, dry sand, shell) which are meant for metals.Identify the standard thermoplastic process: injection moulding.Select 'Injection moulding' as the correct option.

Verification / Alternative check:
Industry output statistics consistently show injection moulding as the most widely used process for plastic parts by volume and part count.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:
Green sand/dry sand/shell: casting of metals, not polymer moulding.

Common Pitfalls:
Confusing compression moulding (used for thermosets and some thermoplastics) with the broad dominance of injection moulding for thermoplastics.

Final Answer:
Injection moulding