Policy & Governance — Scope of India’s Ministry of Water Resources Which option best summarizes the broad functions covered by the Ministry responsible for water resources development and regulation in India?

Introduction / Context:
Public administration questions often test the scope of central ministries. India’s water ministry (variously titled over time, e.g., Ministry of Jal Shakti components) handles planning, technical scrutiny, funding facilitation, legal/dispute processes, and resource policy including groundwater—hence a wide remit beyond just “dams.”

Given Data / Assumptions:

• The options list discrete roles: policy/coordination, technical appraisal, and facilitation/legal functions.
• We assume a comprehensive, not piecemeal, mandate.
• Groundwater policy and interstate dispute mechanisms are integral in federal water governance.

Concept / Approach:

Because the ministry must steer policy, ensure technical quality of funded works, and manage interstate coordination and legal frameworks, each listed function is indeed part of its portfolio. Thus, the combined “All of the above” best represents the ministry’s comprehensive responsibilities as expected in exam outlines.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Check if each function is plausibly ministerial: policy ✓, appraisal ✓, facilitation/dispute/groundwater ✓.Select the inclusive answer reflecting full scope.

Verification / Alternative check:

Standard government handbooks and ministry charters enumerate these domains under water resources governance, confirming the inclusive choice.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

Choosing only one would omit essential parts of the ministry's remit and thus be incomplete.

Common Pitfalls:

Equating water resources management only with surface-water projects; groundwater and interstate issues are critical too.

Final Answer:

All of the above