Riveted joint detailing – minimum pitch requirement relative to rivet diameter For a riveted joint with rivet-hole diameter d, the minimum pitch (center-to-center spacing of holes) should not be less than:

Introduction / Context:
Pitch limits in riveted (and bolted) joints ensure plate integrity, prevent tear-out, and allow proper load transfer between fasteners. Codes specify minimum spacing as multiples of fastener diameter.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Traditional structural steel riveted joint.
• Minimum pitch must avoid hole coalescence and splitting while allowing tool access.

Concept / Approach:
Empirical and code-based rules of thumb set the minimum pitch at about 2.5 times the hole diameter for rivets, balancing plate net-section strength and practical fabrication. Closer spacing risks weakening the plate due to reduced ligament width.

Step-by-Step Solution:
Compare options with standard detailing rules → select 2.5 d.Recognize that larger pitches may be used for other considerations (seal, load distribution), but 2.5 d is the minimum threshold.

Verification / Alternative check:
Classic steel design handbooks and bridge specifications cite 2.5 d as the lower bound for rivet pitch in most configurations.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

• d to 2 d provide inadequate ligament and risk tearing.
• 1.25 d and 1.5 d are far below accepted practice.

Common Pitfalls:
Confusing minimum pitch with edge distance requirements; both must be satisfied independently.

Final Answer:
2.5 d