Arrange metallurgy steps from raw input to engineered product: Items: a. Metal b. Process c. Ore d. Purify e. Alloy Choose the correct order of operations.

Introduction / Context:
This checks the logical manufacturing flow in metallurgy from ore to alloyed products.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• c = Ore (mined raw material).
• b = Process (crushing, roasting, etc.).
• d = Purify (refining to obtain metal).
• a = Metal (base metal obtained).
• e = Alloy (engineered mixture for properties).

Concept / Approach:
We respect the dependency chain: extract → process → purify → obtain metal → alloy.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:
Skipping purification before metal would be incorrect; producing alloy before base metal is impossible.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

• Options beginning with metal/alloy assume results without inputs.

Common Pitfalls:
Confusing “process” and “purify”; purification is the cleaning step after initial processing.

Final Answer:
c, b, d, a, e