Basic beam theory – Identify the correct statement\nWhich of the following statements about loads and internal effects in beams is correct?

Introduction / Context:
Beams in structural analysis are subject to various loads. Recognizing the correct definitions and relationships among load, shear force, and bending moment is essential for preliminary design and checks.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Standard sign conventions; statically determinate cases as typical examples.
• Uniformly distributed load (UDL) has constant intensity over its application length.

Concept / Approach:
Key facts: A continuous beam has more than two supports; the location of maximum bending moment generally occurs where the shear force changes sign (shear equals zero), not at maximum shear; for a simply supported beam with central point load, M_max = Wl/4.

Step-by-Step Evaluation:
Option (a): False—continuous beams have three or more supports.Option (b): True—UDL has constant load per unit length over the region where it is applied.Option (c): False—M is extremum where shear force V = 0.Option (d): False—correct value is Wl/4 at midspan.Option (e): False—support reactions create nonzero shear at the supports.

Verification / Alternative check:
Construct V–M diagrams for the central point load case to confirm M_max = Wl/4 and V = 0 at midspan.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:
They contradict standard beam theory definitions and results.

Common Pitfalls:
Confusing “distributed over whole length” with “over entire span” (UDL may act on part of the span); mixing locations of max shear and max moment.

Final Answer:
A uniformly distributed load acts uniformly over the entire span where it is applied.