Predetermined Motion Time Systems (PMTS): members of the PMTS family Which of the following systems are classified under PMTS used for setting standard times without a stopwatch?

Introduction / Context:
PMTS techniques assign time values to fundamental motions to produce standard times analytically. They are invaluable for repetitive work and for estimating times during design phases before production begins.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Systems differ in motion granularity and application scope.
• All listed systems are widely cited as PMTS variants.

Concept / Approach:
MTM provides detailed data for reaching, grasping, and moving. Work-Factor Systems quantify motion and fatigue with coded factors. BMTS and related simplified systems aggregate motions for quicker application where detail is unnecessary. Each belongs to the PMTS family.

Step-by-Step Solution:
Identify the nature of each method: all use predetermined motion times.Confirm they bypass stopwatch timing in favor of motion codes.Therefore, “all of these” is correct.

Verification / Alternative check:
Industrial engineering references typically group MTM, WF, MOST, MODAPTS, and similar systems under PMTS.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:
Picking only one would ignore the diversity of PMTS approaches; (E) incorrectly excludes the listed systems.

Common Pitfalls:
Applying an overly detailed PMTS where an abbreviated one suffices; misinterpreting codes leading to inconsistent standards.

Final Answer:
all of these