Production types: Which statements are typically true for jobbing (job shop) production?
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AHighly skilled workers are needed
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BUnit costs are high
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COperations are labour-intensive with frequent setup changes
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DAll of these
Answer
Correct Answer: All of these
Explanation
Introduction / Context:Jobbing production (job shop) deals with low volumes, high variety, and custom specifications. Each order may follow a different path, challenging planning and cost control.
Given Data / Assumptions:
- Small lot sizes or one-off jobs.
- General-purpose machines arranged by process (functional layout).
- High setup frequency and complex routing.
Concept / Approach:Because of variability and customization, job shops rely on skilled labour to set up, adjust, and problem-solve. Changeovers and indirect time raise unit costs. Labour content is significant compared to automated lines, making operations relatively labour-intensive.
Step-by-Step Solution:
Identify low-volume, high-variety demand pattern.Map to process layout with flexible equipment and skilled operators.Infer high setup and material handling effort, increasing unit costs.Conclude that all three statements apply.Verification / Alternative check:Benchmark against machine shop environments; costing shows higher unit cost than line production due to lost economies of scale.
Why Other Options Are Wrong:Choosing any single statement understates the multidimensional nature of jobbing production.
Common Pitfalls:Attempting line balancing in a job shop; underestimating setup and queue times in lead-time quotes.
Final Answer:All of these