Reflection coefficient Γ and load conditions — match each statement in List I with the corresponding load condition in List II. List I (Statements) A. Γ = 0 (reflection coefficient equals zero) B. Γ = −1 C. Γ = +1 D. −1 < Γ < +1 (strict inequality) List II (Load conditions) 1. Finite, passive termination with ZL ≠ 0, ZL ≠ ∞, and ZL ≠ Z0 (mismatched but not open/short) 2. ZL = Z0 (perfectly matched termination) 3. ZL = 0 (short circuit) 4. ZL = ∞ (open circuit)

Introduction:
The reflection coefficient Γ characterizes how a transmission line reflects power at its load. Correctly matching specific Γ values and ranges to load conditions is foundational for RF design, impedance matching, and network analysis.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Uniform line with characteristic impedance Z0.
• Load impedance ZL may be 0, ∞, Z0, or a finite passive value not equal to Z0.
• Γ = (ZL − Z0) / (ZL + Z0), and for any passive finite ZL, |Γ| < 1.

Concept / Approach:

Use the defining limits: Γ = 0 corresponds to ZL = Z0 (match). Γ = −1 occurs for a short (ZL = 0). Γ = +1 occurs for an open (ZL → ∞). For any finite passive mismatch ZL ≠ Z0, the magnitude satisfies 0 < |Γ| < 1, which is captured by −1 < Γ < +1 (strict) when phase is 0 or π for purely real cases; in general, |Γ| < 1 in the complex plane.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:

On the Smith chart, ZL = Z0 is the center (Γ = 0); the leftmost point is a short (Γ = −1), the rightmost is an open (Γ = +1), and all finite passive impedances lie inside the unit circle (|Γ| < 1).

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

• Assignments that map Γ = ±1 to ZL = Z0 violate the definition.
• Mapping −1 < Γ < +1 to ZL = ∞ or ZL = 0 confuses extremes with interior points.

Common Pitfalls:

Equating the real-line inequality −1 < Γ < +1 with the full complex condition; the safe statement is |Γ| < 1 for passive finite loads.

Final Answer:

A-2, B-3, C-4, D-1