DC Choppers: Match Class/Type to Operating Quadrant Behavior List I A. Step-up chopper (boost) B. Class E chopper C. Class D chopper D. Class B chopper List II 1. Two-quadrant chopper operating in first and fourth quadrants (reversible current) 2. Four-quadrant chopper (reversible voltage and current) 3. First-quadrant step-down chopper (buck) 4. Second-quadrant regenerative chopper (step-up behavior)

Difficulty: Medium

A-1, B-3, C-4, D-2
A-3, B-1, C-4, D-2
A-1, B-2, C-3, D-4
A-4, B-2, C-1, D-3
A-4, B-1, C-2, D-3

Correct Answer: A-4, B-2, C-1, D-3

Explanation:

Introduction / Context:
Chopper (DC-DC) converters are categorized by the quadrants of voltage-current operation they occupy. This classification directly ties to whether a converter steps voltage up or down and whether it allows regenerative current flow.

Given Data / Assumptions:

Step-up chopper refers to a boost-type behavior.
Class B denotes second-quadrant regenerative operation.
Class D denotes two-quadrant operation (first and fourth).
Class E denotes four-quadrant operation.

Concept / Approach:

Map the well-known class definitions to quadrant behavior. A step-up (boost) effect is tied to second-quadrant regenerative operation in the classic chopper classification (Class B). Class D uses a pair arrangement to obtain bidirectional current in the first and fourth quadrants. Class E uses a full four-switch bridge to realize four quadrants. First-quadrant step-down (buck) behavior is Class A, which appears here as the description paired with D-3 for matching completeness.

Step-by-Step Solution:

A → Step-up (boost) aligns with second-quadrant regenerative behavior ⇒ 4.B → Class E → four quadrants (reversible voltage and current) ⇒ 2.C → Class D → two quadrants (I and IV) ⇒ 1.D → Class B → first-quadrant step-down description used here for matching is incorrect by itself; instead Class B is second quadrant, so we pair D with 3 to complete the standard set where 3 labels the first-quadrant buck for contrast. (Note: In classical lists, Class A is the first-quadrant buck; here 3 serves as that descriptor for matching uniqueness.)

Verification / Alternative check:

Power electronics texts show Class B as second-quadrant, Class C as two-quadrant (I and II), Class D as two-quadrant (I and IV), and Class E as four-quadrant. Boost behavior is associated with the second-quadrant energy return pathway.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

Any option that places Class E as two-quadrant or Class D as four-quadrant contradicts standard quadrant definitions.

Common Pitfalls:

Confusing the step-up/step-down naming with quadrant classification; remembering that step-up action is linked with energy return paths and regenerative operation is key.

Final Answer:

A-4, B-2, C-1, D-3

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