Semiconductor basics – Match materials and roles List I (Material/Term) A. Silicon B. Antimony (Sb) C. Gallium (Ga) D. Germanium (Ge) List II (Fact) Donor impurity (n-type dopant) Acceptor impurity (p-type dopant) Most commonly used semiconductor material Atomic number 32 Choose the correct mapping.
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AA-3, B-1, C-2, D-4
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BA-2, B-3, C-1, D-4
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CA-1, B-2, C-3, D-4
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DA-4, B-3, C-2, D-1
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EA-3, B-2, C-1, D-4
Answer
Correct Answer: A-3, B-1, C-2, D-4
Explanation
Introduction / Context:Device physics questions often test recognition of common dopants and elemental facts. Silicon dominates modern electronics; germanium details, and typical trivalent/pentavalent dopants like Ga and Sb, are staple facts.
Given Data / Assumptions:
- Silicon (Si) is the mainstream semiconductor substrate.
- Antimony (Sb), with five valence electrons, acts as a donor (n-type) in Si/Ge.
- Gallium (Ga), with three valence electrons, acts as an acceptor (p-type).
- Germanium (Ge) has atomic number 32.
Concept / Approach:
Match valence considerations and periodic table facts to typical semiconductor roles. Pentavalent → donor; trivalent → acceptor; Si → dominant material platform; Ge → Z = 32.
Step-by-Step Solution:
A (Silicon) → 3 (most commonly used semiconductor material).B (Antimony) → 1 (donor impurity).C (Gallium) → 2 (acceptor impurity).D (Germanium) → 4 (atomic number 32).Verification / Alternative check:
Standard doping tables list Sb as donor and Ga as acceptor for Si/Ge. Basic chemistry confirms Ge has atomic number 32.
Why Other Options Are Wrong:
Swapping donor/acceptor contradicts valence logic; mislabeling Si as anything but the dominant platform ignores industry reality.
Common Pitfalls:
Confusing Ga (acceptor) with Group V donors; forgetting Ge's atomic number.
Final Answer:
A-3, B-1, C-2, D-4.