Difficulty: Medium
Correct Answer: All of the above
Explanation:
Introduction / Context:
Austenitic manganese steel (often called Hadfield steel, ~12–14% Mn with high carbon) is famed for its work-hardening ability and combination of toughness and wear resistance. This question examines recognition of its characteristic properties and typical rail industry applications in high-wear zones and heavy-duty components.
Given Data / Assumptions:
Concept / Approach:
Austenitic manganese steel is essentially non-magnetic and has higher electrical resistivity than plain carbon steels. It work-hardens under impact while retaining a tough core, making it suitable for rails in severe conditions, especially at crossings, switches, and sharp curves. Its thermal expansion behavior is serviceable for such applications when designs account for expansion; overall, the grouped statements summarize well-known attributes and uses of the alloy family.
Step-by-Step Solution:
Verification / Alternative check:
Materials handbooks describe Hadfield steel as non-magnetic, high-resistivity, tough, and work-hardening, widely used in crusher liners and rail components that require impact and abrasion resistance.
Why Other Options Are Wrong:
Each single property is true but incomplete. The combined statement captures the full engineering picture, including application to rail elements under severe wear.
Common Pitfalls:
Equating “rails” only with plain carbon steel rails; special trackwork and severe-wear segments frequently use manganese steel parts.
Final Answer:
All of the above
Discussion & Comments