Critical reasoning on education quality gaps — from the statement 'The standard of education in private schools is much better than Municipal and Zila Parishad–run schools', determine which conclusion logically follows about improving government schools versus immediately closing them

Given data

• Statement: Private schools have a much better standard of education than Municipal and Zila Parishad schools.
• Conclusions tested:
  • I: The Municipal and Zila Parishad should make serious efforts to improve the standard of their schools.
  • II: All Municipal and Zila Parishad schools should be closed immediately.

Concept/Approach

From a comparative deficiency, a reasonable remedial action (improvement) can be inferred. However, a drastic action (close all) is not warranted by the statement alone and introduces new policy not implied by the premise.

Step-by-step logic
1) The statement establishes underperformance in government-run schools. A natural, minimally invasive inference is to improve them ⇒ Conclusion I follows.2) Immediate closure of all such schools is an extreme remedy not stated or necessitated ⇒ Conclusion II does not follow.

Verification/Alternative

Standard critical-reasoning principles accept improvement as a logical policy suggestion from identified shortfall, whereas shutting down adds assumptions (capacity elsewhere, access, equity) not given.

Common pitfalls

• Confusing 'worse quality' with 'must close'. Logical inference prefers improvement unless closure is explicitly demanded.

Final Answer
Only conclusion I follows.