Cause–effect determination in school closures — all schools in an area remained closed for most of the week and many parents withdrew their children from local schools: identify the correct cause–effect relationship

Given data

• I: All the schools in the area had to be kept closed for most part of the week.
• II: Many parents have withdrawn their children from the local schools.

Concept/Approach

Prolonged closures undermine continuity and trust, prompting withdrawals. The timeline supports I → II as the natural causal chain.

Step-by-step classification
1) Closure (I) creates uncertainty/disruption.2) Parents react by withdrawing students (II) ⇒ I is the cause; II is the effect.

Verification/Alternative

If II were the cause, mass withdrawals would precede and trigger closures, which is not indicated.

Common pitfalls

• Assuming both statements are independent without considering behavioural response to closures.

Final Answer
Statement I is the cause and statement II is its effect.