Logical vs. physical design distinction: Evaluate the claim: "During logical database design, the conceptual data model is transformed into a logical data model that describes the data in terms of a specific data management technology."

Introduction / Context:
Database design proceeds from conceptual to logical to physical. The logical model refines entities and relationships without committing to a particular DBMS. The physical model maps those structures onto storage constructs and access paths that are DBMS-specific. This question checks that you can distinguish these levels correctly.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Conceptual model: business-oriented, high-level entities and relationships.
• Logical model: normalized structures, attributes, keys, constraints, independent of platform.
• Physical model: tables, indexes, partitions, filegroups, distribution keys—concrete to a chosen technology.

Concept / Approach:
Saying that the logical model is “in terms of a specific technology” confuses logical and physical phases. Only the physical model should be DBMS-specific. Logical design preserves portability and clarity; physical design tailors for performance and operational characteristics.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:
Inspect modeling tool layers: logical diagrams are DBMS-agnostic; physical diagrams include vendor-specific types and options.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

• Marking it “Correct” or restricting to relational/NoSQL/reverse engineering still misplaces the DBMS-specific nature at the wrong phase.

Common Pitfalls:
Locking into vendor specifics too early; skipping logical normalization and relying entirely on ORM auto-generation.

Final Answer:
Incorrect