Memory element basics: A logic circuit capable of storing exactly one bit of information (0 or 1) is called a ________.

Introduction / Context:
Sequential logic relies on elements that retain state across time. The smallest such storage element in synchronous digital design stores a single bit and is used to build registers, counters, and memory arrays.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• The device stores exactly one binary value.
• Used in synchronous and asynchronous systems.
• Standard digital design terminology is assumed.

Concept / Approach:
A flip-flop is a bistable multivibrator with two stable states representing 0 and 1. Edge-triggered types (D, JK, T) capture input on a clock transition and hold it until the next triggering event. Latches are level-sensitive relatives; both serve as 1-bit storage, but “flip-flop” is the canonical answer for clocked one-bit storage.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:
Register files are arrays of flip-flops; a 32-bit register uses 32 flip-flops, confirming the one-bit-per-device mapping.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:
counter: comprises multiple flip-flops to store multi-bit counts.

gate: combinational element with no memory (ideal model).

code converter: transforms representations (e.g., BCD to seven-segment) rather than storing state.

Common Pitfalls:
Conflating latches and flip-flops. Both store one bit; however, most curricula reserve “flip-flop” for edge-triggered elements.

Final Answer:
flip-flop