Sentence improvement — Past perfect passive with medial adverb placement: refine ‘‘The logic of Berlin wall already had been undermined ...’’ by choosing the best adverb position to produce a formal, fluent clause before the main event.

Given dataThe logic of Berlin wall already had been undermined but when the news came through that the wall itself had been opened I jumped into a car.

Concept/ApproachIn passive past perfect, stance adverbs like ‘‘already’’ most naturally appear between the auxiliary and the past participle: ‘‘had already been …’’. Among the provided options, the adverb placement in option (B) is the most idiomatic.

Step-by-step evaluationhad been undetermined already — Adverb at end is possible but less elegant; rhythm is weaker.had already been undetermined — Preferred adverb slot; reads smoothly.had been already undetermined — Splits ‘‘been’’ and complement unnaturally.No improvement — Leaves the adverb before the auxiliary cluster; less natural.

Verification/AlternativeStandard template: ‘‘Subject + had already been + past participle ...’’

Common pitfallsMisplacing ‘‘already’’ so it disrupts auxiliary stacking; mixing aspects/voices.

Final Answerhad already been undetermined