Operational data files: In large information systems, which file is maintained on an ongoing basis and updated continually with transaction activity (i.e., a perpetual file)?

Introduction / Context:
Enterprises manage multiple file types: master, transaction (update), and logs. The question tests whether you can identify the file that is persistently maintained to reflect the current state of key entities (customers, inventory, accounts).

Given Data / Assumptions:

• A perpetual file is continuously current.
• Transactions modify balances, statuses, or counts over time.
• The system aims to present up-to-date records for operations and reporting.

Concept / Approach:
The master file stores the authoritative, current values for entities. Transaction (update) files capture events to be applied; log files record activity for auditing and recovery. After processing, the master file remains the ongoing, perpetual record.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:
Batch and online systems apply transaction files to master files; logs help reconstruct or audit, but the master is the perpetual source of truth.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

• Update file: transient inputs, not the enduring state.
• Log file: audit trail, not the operational record.
• Specialized file: purpose-specific, not the general perpetual ledger.

Common Pitfalls:
Confusing the flow of data (transaction → master update) with the identity of the ongoing file.

Final Answer:
Master file