In DBMS terminology, what is the language that application programs use to request, insert, update, or delete data (i.e., to manipulate stored data)?

Introduction / Context:
Database Management Systems (DBMS) support multiple classes of languages. Distinguishing between data definition and data manipulation is fundamental for developers and DBAs. The question asks specifically about the language used by application programs to request and change data—this points to data manipulation rather than schema definition.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Focus is on runtime operations against stored data: select, insert, update, delete.
• Application programs call into the DBMS via embedded SQL, APIs, or drivers to perform these actions.
• Terminology follows standard DBMS conventions.

Concept / Approach:
DML stands for Data Manipulation Language. It comprises operations to retrieve and modify data. DDL (Data Definition Language) defines or alters schema objects (tables, indexes). “Query language” is a general phrase; SQL includes both DML and DDL subsets, but the precise technical term for manipulating data is DML, making it the best answer.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:
Standard SQL textbooks categorize SELECT/INSERT/UPDATE/DELETE as DML statements; CREATE/ALTER/DROP are DDL.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

• DDL: For schema definition, not data manipulation in applications.
• Query language: Vague umbrella term; not the precise DBMS category.
• All of the above: Incorrect because DDL does not perform the described role.
• None: Wrong because DML is correct.

Common Pitfalls:
Using “query language” loosely when a precise category (DML) is intended; confusing schema evolution tasks with day-to-day data access.

Final Answer:
DML