Lady Tata Memorial Awards, instituted by the Lady Tata Memorial Trust, are primarily given for research in which medical field related to human disease?

Introduction / Context:
The Lady Tata Memorial Trust was founded in memory of Lady Meherbai Tata, who died from leukaemia. In her memory, the trust established research awards that focus on serious human diseases. One significant category of these awards is known as the Lady Tata Memorial Awards. This question tests whether you can identify the main medical research area for which these awards are primarily given, an important detail in the context of medical and scientific awards.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• The awards are called Lady Tata Memorial Awards.
• They are connected to medical research.
• The options list leukaemia, biodiversity conservation, tuberculosis control, environmental protection, and orthopaedic surgery.
• We assume awareness that the trust's origin is linked to a blood cancer case.

Concept / Approach:
The key concept is to relate the name of the trust and awards to the disease that motivated their creation. Lady Meherbai Tata died of leukaemia, and Sir Dorabji Tata established the trust to support research into this disease and related conditions. Therefore, Lady Tata Memorial Awards focus heavily on leukaemia and closely associated medical research. Biodiversity and environmental protection are important fields but are not the core focus of this trust in its classic award schemes.

Step-by-Step Solution:
Step 1: Recognise that the awards are named after Lady Tata and are administered by the Lady Tata Memorial Trust. Step 2: Recall that the trust was set up following Lady Tata's death from leukaemia. Step 3: Infer that the awards would likely support research on leukaemia and related human diseases. Step 4: Examine the options and identify leukaemia as the specific disease area among more general or unrelated fields. Step 5: Select “Leukaemia” as the correct answer.

Verification / Alternative check:
You can confirm this by reading basic information about the Lady Tata Memorial Trust, which states that its awards support research into leukaemia and related blood disorders. While the trust may also support broader biomedical projects over time, the classic examination question focuses on leukaemia as the central area. Other environmental or disease fields like tuberculosis, though significant, are usually funded by different agencies and programmes rather than by the Lady Tata Memorial Trust as its primary theme.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:
Biodiversity conservation: This relates to ecology and species diversity, not specifically to the medical disease focus of the Lady Tata Memorial Awards.
Tuberculosis control: A major public health concern, but these awards are not primarily framed around tuberculosis.
Environmental protection: Important in its own right, yet not the main research theme of the Lady Tata Memorial Trust's classic awards.
Orthopaedic surgery: A surgical speciality dealing with bones and joints, unrelated to the historical origin of the trust and its flagship awards.

Common Pitfalls:
Some candidates may assume that any memorial award could be for a broad cause like environmental protection or general health. Others may confuse Lady Tata awards with other medical or environmental prizes. To avoid this, always connect the award name to its origin story, in this case the struggle with leukaemia that led to the creation of the trust.

Final Answer:
Lady Tata Memorial Awards are primarily given for research in leukaemia and closely related blood diseases.