The International Day for Disaster Reduction is observed across the world on which date every year?

Introduction / Context:
This question deals with the International Day for Disaster Reduction, an important day in the global calendar that focuses on disaster risk awareness and resilience. General knowledge and current affairs sections often ask the exact date of this observance, since it is connected with disaster management and sustainable development topics.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• The observance is the International Day for Disaster Reduction.
• The question asks for the fixed calendar date on which it is observed every year.
• Five dates in October are provided, clustered close together to test precise recall.

Concept / Approach:
The International Day for Disaster Reduction aims to promote a global culture of risk awareness and disaster reduction. To answer the question:

• Recall that this day is observed on 13th October each year.
• Note that other mid October dates may host related events, but the official UN designated date is specific.
• Use elimination to reject nearby dates that are intentionally included as traps.

Step-by-Step Solution:
Step 1: Identify that the question refers to the International Day for Disaster Reduction, not general environmental days. Step 2: Recall from UN and disaster management related reading that this day falls on 13th October. Step 3: Look through the options and find 13th October among the listed dates. Step 4: Observe that 12th, 14th, 15th and 16th October are very close but still different and are used to check exact factual knowledge. Step 5: Mark 13th October as the correct choice.

Verification / Alternative check:
Verification can be done from the United Nations list of international days, official disaster management authority websites, or standard yearbooks. They all clearly show that the International Day for Disaster Reduction is observed annually on 13th October. Many awareness campaigns and events in schools, colleges and offices also take place specifically on this date, providing further confirmation.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:
16th October: Not the official date of this observance; it is a distractor placed after the correct date. 15th October: Another nearby date included to test whether learners remember the exact day or only the approximate mid October period. 14th October: Very close to the correct date but still incorrect; this option commonly attracts careless mistakes. 12th October: One day before 13th October and not the recognised date for this day.

Common Pitfalls:
Candidates often remember that the observance falls in mid October but do not fix the exact date in memory, leading them to choose 14th or 15th October. Another error is to confuse this day with other environment or health related observances that also fall in October. A good study tip is to group dates by theme: for example, link 13th October with disaster risk reduction and resilience, and revise it along with key terms like risk awareness, preparedness and mitigation.

Final Answer:
The International Day for Disaster Reduction is observed every year on 13th October.