Difficulty: Medium
Correct Answer: Higher temperature is employed in visbreaking than in thermal cracking.
Explanation:
Introduction:
This question checks conceptual understanding of conversion process severity in refining: visbreaking (mild thermal), thermal cracking (severe), catalytic cracking (lower pressure/temperature than thermal), and pyrolysis/steam cracking (very severe).
Given Data / Assumptions:
Concept / Approach:
Visbreaking is designed to mildly reduce viscosity and produce limited conversion; it operates at lower severity than conventional thermal cracking. Catalytic cracking reduces required pressure (and often temperature) relative to purely thermal routes. Pyrolysis (steam cracking) is an extreme case with very high temperatures for olefin production.
Step-by-Step Solution:
Verification / Alternative check:
Standard refining texts list visbreaking temperatures lower than severe thermal/steam cracking and describe FCC as lower-pressure than thermal cracking.
Why Other Options Are Wrong (i.e., not the incorrect one):
Common Pitfalls:
Thinking “cracking” is uniformly severe; visbreaking is deliberately mild. Also, confusing pyrolysis severity with mild thermal steps.
Final Answer:
Higher temperature is employed in visbreaking than in thermal cracking.
Discussion & Comments