Which of the following revolutionaries became a prominent leader of the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association (HSRA) founded in 1928, famous for his role in the Lahore Conspiracy and Assembly Bomb Case?

Introduction / Context:
The Hindustan Socialist Republican Association, often called HSRA, was an important revolutionary organisation during the Indian freedom struggle. It aimed at overthrowing British rule through armed revolution and socialist ideas. Several famous revolutionaries were associated with HSRA, but one of them became especially well known because of his involvement in the Lahore Conspiracy Case and the Central Legislative Assembly Bomb Case. This question asks you to identify that key leader.

Given Data / Assumptions:
The question clearly mentions HSRA, its foundation around 1928, and the Lahore Conspiracy and Assembly Bomb Case. The options include Khudiram Bose, Bhagat Singh, Chandra Shekhar Azad, Subhas Chandra Bose, and Ram Prasad Bismil. We assume that the learner knows the broad timeline of these revolutionaries and recognises that the Lahore Conspiracy Case is strongly associated with one specific name.

Concept / Approach:
Bhagat Singh was a central figure in HSRA during the late 1920s. He played a major role in the assassination of Saunders in Lahore and later in the Central Legislative Assembly Bomb Case with Batukeshwar Dutt. His trial in the Lahore Conspiracy Case and subsequent execution turned him into a national hero. While Chandra Shekhar Azad was also an important leader in HSRA, the particular combination of events mentioned in the question points more directly to Bhagat Singh, whose name appears prominently in these cases.

Step-by-Step Solution:
Step 1: Recall that HSRA was reorganised around 1928 with both Bhagat Singh and Chandra Shekhar Azad involved. Step 2: Identify which revolutionary is directly associated with both the Lahore Conspiracy Case and the Assembly Bomb incident. Step 3: Note that Bhagat Singh, along with Batukeshwar Dutt, threw bombs in the Central Legislative Assembly and used the event as a political statement. Step 4: Remember that Bhagat Singh was one of the main accused in the Lahore Conspiracy Case and was executed in 1931. Step 5: Conclude that Bhagat Singh fits the description in the question best and is the correct answer.

Verification / Alternative check:
Historical accounts of HSRA and the Lahore Conspiracy Case consistently centre their narrative on Bhagat Singh. Textbooks usually highlight his ideological evolution, his advocacy of socialism, and his dramatic courtroom speeches. They also emphasise his role in the Assembly Bomb incident which was intended to make the British government listen to the voice of the revolutionaries. This close link between Bhagat Singh and the events mentioned confirms that he was a prominent leader of HSRA as described in the question.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:
Khudiram Bose is wrong because he was involved in earlier revolutionary activity in Bengal and was executed in 1908, long before HSRA was formed in its 1928 form. Chandra Shekhar Azad was indeed a leader of HSRA but is less directly associated with the Lahore Conspiracy Case and Assembly Bomb Case than Bhagat Singh, who is the main symbol of those events. Subhas Chandra Bose was a leader of the Indian National Army and did not belong to HSRA. Ram Prasad Bismil was linked to the Kakori Conspiracy of 1925 and to earlier organisations, not specifically to the 1928 HSRA phase described in the question.

Common Pitfalls:
Students may be tempted to mark Chandra Shekhar Azad because he was commander in chief of HSRA and a very famous revolutionary. However, the question points to specific cases, especially the Assembly Bomb Case, which are strongly associated with Bhagat Singh. Another error is to pick any revolutionary name that looks familiar without paying attention to the time period mentioned. To avoid such mistakes, it is helpful to connect each revolutionary with one or two signature events, such as Bhagat Singh with Lahore and the Assembly bomb.

Final Answer:
The revolutionary who became a prominent leader of HSRA and was famous for the Lahore Conspiracy and Assembly Bomb Case was Bhagat Singh.