Statement–Assumption (Health Awareness Ads by Governments/NGOs): Statement: “Governments, NGOs, and social organisations routinely issue announcements and informative advertising to create public awareness about health threats and lifestyle-related diseases.” Assumptions: I) These advertisements will help minimise health-related problems. II) Such advertisements create awareness among people.

Introduction / Context:The statement explains why organisations “routinely” communicate health information: to create public awareness about threats and lifestyle diseases. We must determine which embedded premise is required.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Instrument: announcements and informative advertising.
• Stated aim: create public awareness.
• Topic: health threats and lifestyle-related diseases.

Concept / Approach:Because the purpose cited is “to create awareness,” the minimum necessary assumption is that such ads can indeed create awareness. Whether those ads directly minimise health problems is a stronger claim that may or may not be required for the routine act of advertising.

Step-by-Step Solution:Assumption II: If ads could not create awareness at all, the stated reason for issuing them would fail. Therefore II is implicit.Assumption I: Reducing health problems is typically a longer causal chain (awareness → knowledge → behaviour change → outcomes). The statement does not assert immediate minimisation; it justifies ads on the awareness goal. Hence I, though desirable, is not necessary.

Verification / Alternative check:Negating II destroys the rationale (“to create awareness”) for routine advertising. Negating I leaves the statement coherent (ads may inform without instantly reducing incidence).

Why Other Options Are Wrong:Only I: over-strong; Either/Neither: miss the explicit awareness rationale embedded in the statement.

Common Pitfalls:Conflating proximal outcomes (awareness) with distal outcomes (disease reduction); assuming direct behaviour change is guaranteed.

Final Answer:Only assumption II is implicit.