Assertion–Reason (Jobs and Competition): Assertion (A): Rajeev has to work really hard to get a job after his graduation. Reason (R): There is a lot of competition for jobs.

Introduction / Context:The question explores labor-market reasoning: individual effort required to secure employment tends to increase with competition for limited openings.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• A: Rajeev must work very hard to obtain a job after graduation.
• R: Job markets are highly competitive.
• Assumed ceteris paribus: number of applicants per vacancy is high; employers screen rigorously.

Concept / Approach:Establish whether A and R are true in general situations and assess if R explains A. Competitive labor markets raise hiring thresholds, increasing the need for preparation, upskilling, and persistence.

Step-by-Step Solution:1) R is credible: Many sectors have many applicants per role.2) A follows: Under high competition, candidates must differentiate via skills, projects, internships, and interview readiness—hence “working hard.”3) Explanation sufficiency: High competition directly raises standards, explaining Rajeev’s need for greater effort.

Verification / Alternative check:Hiring funnels show steep attrition; strong portfolios, certifications, and practice can materially improve outcomes, aligning with the explanation.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:(b) denies causality though it exists; (c)/(d) misstate truths; “None” is unnecessary.

Common Pitfalls:Ignoring other factors (networking, location, macro cycles). These modulate but do not negate the core explanation based on competition.

Final Answer:Both A and R are true, and R correctly explains A.