Supreme Court jurisdiction: Under which jurisdiction can the Supreme Court of India decide Centre–State disputes? Focus on federal disputes between the Union and one or more States (Article 131). Choose the correct jurisdiction.

Given data

• Type of dispute: Centre vs. State(s)/inter-State.
• Reference: Article 131.

Concept/Approach
Article 131 grants the Supreme Court exclusive original jurisdiction in disputes between the Union and State(s) or between States, subject to specified conditions. This means such cases originate in the Supreme Court itself.

Common pitfalls
Confusing with the Court's advisory role (Article 143) or appellate powers; Centre–State disputes are not first heard on appeal.

Final Answer
Original jurisdiction