Wood finishing — in building and furniture work, “French polish” refers to which type of finish? Select the correct classification.

Introduction / Context:
French polishing is a traditional finishing technique that produces a deep, high-gloss finish on wood. It is common in fine furniture and musical instruments and relies on a specific binder and solvent system for rapid film build and clarity.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Finish applied by pad/rubber in repeated thin coats.
• Binder is shellac flakes dissolved in alcohol.
• Not a paint or distemper; it is a clear/amber transparent finish.

Concept / Approach:
French polish uses a spirit varnish—shellac dissolved in alcohol (typically ethanol or methylated spirits). The alcohol flashes quickly, allowing rapid layering and a lustrous, chatoyant finish. Distemper is a water-based paint; oil paint is pigment-in-oil film-forming—neither matches French polish.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:
Wood finishing guides consistently classify French polish as shellac-based spirit varnish applied by rubbing.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

• Oil paint: Opaque pigmented coating; unrelated technique.
• Distemper: Water-based paint with chalk/glue; not a varnish.
• None of these: Incorrect because spirit varnish is correct.

Common Pitfalls:
Confusing shellac spirit varnish with polyurethane or lacquer; the application method and solvent system are distinct.

Final Answer:
Spirit varnish (shellac-based)