In the Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC), what is the first step?

Introduction / Context:
The SDLC provides a structured approach to building information systems. It begins by understanding the problem space and feasibility before committing to design and construction. This initial step is commonly called preliminary investigation and analysis (or feasibility study and requirements analysis).

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Project governance requires clarity of scope and business case.
• Stakeholders and constraints must be identified early.
• Feasibility (technical, economic, operational, schedule) is assessed upfront.

Concept / Approach:
Starting with investigation and analysis prevents building the wrong solution. It frames objectives, success metrics, risks, and high-level requirements that feed subsequent design. Only after this step should teams proceed to solution architecture and database design.

Step-by-Step Solution:
1) Identify SDLC phases: investigation/analysis → design → implementation → testing → deployment → maintenance. 2) Confirm the first phase focuses on understanding needs and feasibility. 3) Eliminate later-phase activities (design, database design, GUI specifics). 4) Select preliminary investigation and analysis.

Verification / Alternative check:
Most SDLC variants (waterfall, V-model) begin with analysis/feasibility before design and build.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:
Option A/B/D: These belong to later phases after requirements are established.
Option E: Not applicable since there is a standard first step.

Common Pitfalls:
Jumping into design or UI mockups prematurely without validated requirements increases rework.

Final Answer:
Preliminary investigation and analysis