Which of the following was the first Hindi language newspaper to be published in India during the nineteenth century?

Introduction / Context:
The history of Indian language journalism is an important part of modern Indian history and general knowledge. Newspapers in vernacular languages played a major role in spreading political awareness and social reform ideas. This question focuses on the first Hindi language newspaper published in India and asks you to identify its name from among similar sounding options.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• The language is Hindi.
• The time period is the nineteenth century under British rule.
• Options list Udaan, Azad Vichaar, Udant Martand, and Vichaar Vyakti.
• We assume the standard historical record of Hindi journalism.

Concept / Approach:
Udant Martand literally meaning The Rising Sun is widely recognised as the first Hindi language newspaper published in India. It was started on 30 May 1826 from Calcutta by Pandit Jugal Kishore Shukla. It was a weekly paper and faced financial difficulties, but it occupies a special place in the history of Hindi journalism. The other names in the options are not historically documented as the first Hindi newspaper and appear to be distractors created for the exam.

Step-by-Step Solution:
Step 1: Recall that the first Hindi newspaper was titled Udant Martand. Step 2: Remember that it was published from Calcutta in 1826 and is frequently mentioned in history of the press in India. Step 3: Look at the options and identify Udant Martand among them. Step 4: Recognise that names like Udaan, Azad Vichaar, and Vichaar Vyakti are not associated with this historical first. Step 5: Select Udant Martand as the correct answer.

Verification / Alternative check:
Books and articles on the history of Hindi journalism explicitly state that Udant Martand was the first Hindi newspaper in India. They provide details about its editor, date of first publication, and the difficulties it faced. Many competitive exam notes list this fact in the section on Indian press and modern history. This broad agreement among sources confirms that Udant Martand is the correct option.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:
Udaan: This name may sound like a modern magazine or creative title, but it is not the historical first Hindi newspaper.
Azad Vichaar: The phrase means free thought, yet it does not correspond to the documented first Hindi newspaper.
Vichaar Vyakti: Again, this sounds like a generic title but lacks historical backing as a pioneer Hindi newspaper.

Common Pitfalls:
Because the options all sound like meaningful Hindi titles, some candidates may pick one that contains words like Azad or Vichaar, assuming it must be related to freedom or ideas. The safe strategy is to memorise the specific name Udant Martand and associate it with the year 1826 and the city of Calcutta. This clear mental link will help you answer similar questions quickly and accurately.

Final Answer:
The first Hindi language newspaper published in India was Udant Martand.