Series-connected thyristors equalization requirements When thyristors are connected in series to withstand higher blocking voltage, what equalization is required for reliable operation?

Introduction / Context:
Series connection of thyristors is used to achieve higher voltage ratings. However, device parameter tolerances cause unequal voltage sharing in both steady-state and transient conditions, which can overstress individual devices. Equalizing networks are therefore essential.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Multiple SCRs connected in series for higher blocking voltage.
• Devices have tolerances in leakage current, junction capacitance, and recovery characteristics.

Concept / Approach:

Static equalization (typically high-value resistors across each device) ensures that in steady-state blocking (DC or low frequency), leakage mismatches do not concentrate voltage on one device. Dynamic equalization (typically capacitors and sometimes RC snubbers) ensures that during voltage transients, turn-off, and recovery, the rapid dv/dt is shared so that no single device momentarily sees an excessive voltage.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:

Design practice and manufacturer guidelines specify both networks for series stacks, especially in HV drives and HVDC valves.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

(a) Addresses only steady-state; (b) addresses only transients; both are needed in real applications. (d) would risk overvoltage on a single device.

Common Pitfalls:

Relying on matched devices without equalization; ignoring temperature-dependent leakage causing drift in static sharing.

Final Answer:

Both static and dynamic equalizing circuits