Radio-navigation acronym expansion — LORAN What does the term ‘‘LORAN’’ stand for in radio navigation systems?

Introduction / Context:
LORAN is a historic hyperbolic radio navigation system used by maritime and aviation users to determine position using time-difference measurements of pulsed transmissions from fixed stations. This question checks the expansion of the acronym.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Acronym: LORAN.
• Context: radio navigation, not broadcasting.

Concept / Approach:
LORAN expands to ‘‘Long Range Navigation.’’ It uses synchronized transmitters; by measuring time differences between received pulses, the receiver derives hyperbolic lines of position whose intersection yields location.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:
Standard references and historical documentation of LORAN (e.g., LORAN-C) all expand to Long Range Navigation.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

• TV/cable transmission options are unrelated to navigation and the LORAN technology.
• Either (b) or (c) aggregates two incorrect broadcasting terms.

Common Pitfalls:
Assuming LORAN is tied to television due to the ‘‘long range’’ wording; misclassifying it as a general communications acronym.

Final Answer:
long range navigation