Dielectric behavior check: Is it correct to say that no dielectric material exhibits hysteresis (i.e., polarization does not depend on the previous electric-field history)?

Introduction / Context:
Polarization in dielectric materials can follow the applied electric field along a path that depends on prior excitation. The presence or absence of hysteresis is crucial in capacitor dielectrics, non-volatile memories, sensors, and actuators.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Dielectric classes considered: linear, nonlinear, and ferroelectric materials.
• Quasi-static field cycling to observe polarization–electric field (P–E) behavior.
• Room-temperature behavior unless otherwise noted.

Concept / Approach:
Linear dielectrics follow P = ε0 χ E without hysteresis. However, ferroelectric materials (e.g., BaTiO3, PZT) show spontaneous polarization that can be reversed by an external field, producing a characteristic P–E loop (dielectric hysteresis). Relaxor and some polymer ferroelectrics also show history-dependent response. Thus the blanket statement that no dielectric has hysteresis is false.

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