Which statements correctly describe fundamental properties of electromagnetic radiation relevant to remote sensing?

Introduction / Context:
Remote sensing relies on the generation, propagation, and interaction of electromagnetic (EM) waves. Understanding the basic physics of EM radiation clarifies why sensors can operate from aircraft or satellites and still receive information from Earth's surface.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Classical Maxwellian description of EM fields applies.
• We consider propagation in free space and in media like air.
• No special-relativity or quantum details are required.

Concept / Approach:
Maxwell's equations show that a changing electric field induces a magnetic field and a changing magnetic field induces an electric field, allowing EM waves to be self-sustaining. Because EM radiation does not require a material medium, it propagates through a vacuum—enabling spaceborne observations. The wave comprises perpendicular electric and magnetic components traveling together at the speed of light in vacuum, modified by refractive index in media.

Step-by-Step Solution:
Confirm coupling of E and B fields (Maxwell-Ampère and Faraday's laws).Note that no medium is required; propagation occurs in space.Affirm that EM radiation consists of both electric and magnetic components.Therefore, all listed statements are correct.

Verification / Alternative check:
Every remote sensing modality (optical, IR, microwave) depends on this physics; radio communications in space further validate vacuum propagation.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

• Each single statement is true; the comprehensive choice 'All of these' is appropriate.

Common Pitfalls:
Assuming EM waves require air to travel; conflating sound wave properties with EM.

Final Answer:
All of these