Cutting force measurement — what does a machining dynamometer measure? In metal cutting research and shop practice, a dynamometer attached to the tool or workpiece is primarily used to measure:

Introduction / Context:
Understanding cutting mechanics requires accurate force data. Machining dynamometers quantify the forces acting on the tool/workpiece during cutting, enabling optimization of feeds, speeds, tool geometry, and process stability.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Dynamometers can be strain-gauge, piezoelectric, or hydraulic type.
• Forces typically resolved into three orthogonal components (tangential, feed, radial).
• Applicable to turning, milling, drilling, and grinding variants.

Concept / Approach:
Cutting force components are fundamental to estimating power (P = F_t * V), tool stresses, chatter tendencies, and specific cutting energy. Dynamometers provide direct measurement, unlike indirect inference from motor load or chip geometry.

Step-by-Step Solution:
Mount the tool/work on the dynamometer platform.Record force signals during cutting and resolve into components.Use data to compute power, specific energy, and to evaluate tool/work combinations.

Verification / Alternative check:
Comparing measured tangential force with spindle power and cutting speed gives consistent power estimates, validating readings.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:
Chip thickness ratio is obtained from chip and feed measurements, not from a dynamometer. Tool wear is measured via microscopy or in-process sensing; deflection can be inferred from force but is not directly measured unless using displacement sensors.

Common Pitfalls:
Ignoring system stiffness and sensor calibration; misalignment can skew component separation.

Final Answer:
Forces during metal cutting