A memory system of size 16 k bytes is to be designed using memory chips which have 12 address lines and 4 data lines each. The number of such chips required to design the memory system is

3 x 16² + 14 x 16¹ + 8 = 1000.

When counter is 110 the counter resets. Hence mod 6.

Replace 1 by 0 and 0 by 1.

A = 11100101. Therefore A = 00011010 and A' = A + 1 = 00011011 = 16 + 8 + 2 + 1 = 27. Therefore A = -27.

1's complement of 0101 is 1010 and 2's complement is 1010+1 = 1011.

In a ripple counter the effect ripples through the counter.

Demultiplexer takes data from one line and directs it to any of its N output depending on the status of its select lines.

The largest negative number is 1000 0000 = -128.

Decimal number 1 = binary number 001 = A BC Decimal number 7 = binary number 111= ABC, Decimal number 3 = binary number 011= ABC Decimal number 5 = binary number 101= ABC . Hence result.