A certain 8 bit uniform quantization PCM system can accommodate a signal ranging from - 1 V to + V. The rms value of the signal is V . The signal to quantization noise ratio is:

.

A_C cos?_ct

for envelope detection ? < 1 ? < 1 ? A_c should be at least-2.

Overall voltage gain will decrease as feedback signal comes into picture and since it is current-series feedback, input impedance increases.

L = B - N + 1

where L : No. of loop equations

B : No. of branches = 12

N : No. of nodes = 8

L = 12 - 8 + 1 = 5.

L₁ = be, L₂ = cf, L₃ = dg

?₁ = 1

.

Where ? = conductivity

Given -> ? = 0.13 m²/v-s = 0.13 x 10⁴ cm²/V sec

P = 2.25 x 10¹⁵/cm³

We have, ? n_i = 1.5 x 10¹⁰

Also n.p. =

? n = /p

= (1.6 x 10^-19 x 0.13 x 10⁴ x 2.25 x 10¹⁵) x

= (0.468) (4.5 x 10¹⁵)

? = 2.106 x 10¹⁵ ?/cm

J = ?E

? Current density = 2.106 x 10¹⁵ x 3.620 x 10^-19

= 7.6237 x 10^-4 A/m².

= 2H log₂ V bits/sec

V - discrete levels (Here Binary i.e. 2)

H - Bandwidth

? Maximum data rate = 2H log₂ V

= 2(3 KHz) log₂ 2 = 2 x 3 x 10³ x 1

= 6 x 10³ = 6000 bps.

Power gain = 10

Thus directivity .