Which layer is responsible for converting data packets from the Data Link layer into electrical signals?

Correct Answer: Booting

Correct Answer: A default Class B is 25525500 A Class B 2552552550 mask is 256 subnets, each with 254 hosts We need fewer subnets If we used 255255240 0, this provides 16 subnets Let's add one more subnet bit 2552552480 This is 5 bits of subnetting, which provides 32 subnets This is our best answer A/21

Correct Answer: The Data Link layer is responsible for the framing of data packets

Correct Answer: Layer 1

Explanation:

OSI layer 1 defines the standards for cabling and connectors.

Correct Answer: The administrator must fix the conflict by hand at the DHCP server

Explanation:

If a DHCP Conflict is detected, either by the server sending a ping and getting response or by a host using a gratuitous ARP (arp'ing for its own IP address and seeing if a host responds), then the server will hold that address and not use it again until it is fixed by an administrator.

Correct Answer: The following are the different types of VPNs : PPTP ( Point to Point Tunnel protocol ) VPN : Most commonly used VPN PPTP is a method for implementing virtual private networks PPTP uses a control channel over TCP and a GRE tunnel operating to encapsulate PPP packets Site-to-Site VPN : Site-to-site VPN is a type of VPN connection that is created between two separate locations Site-to-site VPN can be intranet based or extranet based Intranet-based site-to-site VPN is created between an organization's propriety networks, while extranet-based site-to-site VPN is used for connecting with external partner networks or an intranet L2TP ( Layer Two Tunneling Protoco) VPN : L2TP is an extension of the Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP) used by an Internet service provider (ISP) to enable the operation of a virtual private network over the Internet IPsec (Internet Protocol Security) : IPsec is a framework for a set of protocols for security at the network or packet processing layer of network communication SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) VPN : SSL is a form of VPN that can be used with a standard Web browser In contrast to the traditional Internet Protocol Security (IPsec) VPN, an SSL VPN does not require the installation of specialized client software on the end user's computer MPLS (Multiprotocol Label Switching) VPN : MPLS is a protocol for speeding up and shaping network traffic flows Hybrid VPN : A hybrid VPN combines Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) and Internet protocol security (IPsec)-based VPNs

Correct Answer: Different Memories used in a CISCO router are as follows : NVRAM stores the startup configuration file DRAM stores the configuration file that is being executed Flash Memory ? stores the Cisco IOS

Correct Answer: 8 usable subnets, each with 30 host addresses

Explanation:

Because subnet zero is configured and we have a class C address (192.168.100.0) then the network portion will have 3 bits so 8 subnets will be available. The rest of the bits, 5, represent the available hosts, so 2^5=32, but only 30 are available, 0 ad 31 are network and broadcast respectively.

Correct Answer: access-list 110 permit tcp any host 1.1.1.1 eq smtp

Explanation:

when trying to find the best answer to an access - list question, always check the access - list bnumber and then the protocol. When filtering to an upper - layer protocol, you must use an extended list, numbers 100 - 199 and 2000 - 2699. Also, when you filter to the port of an upper - layer protocol, you must use either tcp or udp in the ACL protocol field. If it says ip in the protocol field, you cannot filoter on the port number of an upper - layer protocol. SMTP uses TCP

Correct Answer: BGP checks the NEXT_HOP attribute to determine if the NEXT_HOP is accessible or in the IP routing table