Which layer combines bits into bytes and bytes into frames, uses MAC addressing , and provides error detection?

Correct Answer: Layer 1

Explanation:

OSI layer 1 defines the standards for cabling and connectors.

Correct Answer: The administrator must fix the conflict by hand at the DHCP server

Explanation:

If a DHCP Conflict is detected, either by the server sending a ping and getting response or by a host using a gratuitous ARP (arp'ing for its own IP address and seeing if a host responds), then the server will hold that address and not use it again until it is fixed by an administrator.

Correct Answer: one broadcast and three collision

Explanation:

If a switch has three computersconnected to it, with no VLANs present , one broadcast and three collision domains are created.

Correct Answer: The presentation layer makes sure that data is in a readable format for the Application layer

Correct Answer: The Network layer provides routing through an internetwork and logical addressing

Correct Answer: A default Class B is 25525500 A Class B 2552552550 mask is 256 subnets, each with 254 hosts We need fewer subnets If we used 255255240 0, this provides 16 subnets Let's add one more subnet bit 2552552480 This is 5 bits of subnetting, which provides 32 subnets This is our best answer A/21

Correct Answer: Booting

Correct Answer: The physical layer takes frames from the Data Link layer and encodes the 1s and 0s into a digital signal for transmission on the network medium

Correct Answer: The following are the different types of VPNs : PPTP ( Point to Point Tunnel protocol ) VPN : Most commonly used VPN PPTP is a method for implementing virtual private networks PPTP uses a control channel over TCP and a GRE tunnel operating to encapsulate PPP packets Site-to-Site VPN : Site-to-site VPN is a type of VPN connection that is created between two separate locations Site-to-site VPN can be intranet based or extranet based Intranet-based site-to-site VPN is created between an organization's propriety networks, while extranet-based site-to-site VPN is used for connecting with external partner networks or an intranet L2TP ( Layer Two Tunneling Protoco) VPN : L2TP is an extension of the Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP) used by an Internet service provider (ISP) to enable the operation of a virtual private network over the Internet IPsec (Internet Protocol Security) : IPsec is a framework for a set of protocols for security at the network or packet processing layer of network communication SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) VPN : SSL is a form of VPN that can be used with a standard Web browser In contrast to the traditional Internet Protocol Security (IPsec) VPN, an SSL VPN does not require the installation of specialized client software on the end user's computer MPLS (Multiprotocol Label Switching) VPN : MPLS is a protocol for speeding up and shaping network traffic flows Hybrid VPN : A hybrid VPN combines Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) and Internet protocol security (IPsec)-based VPNs

Correct Answer: Different Memories used in a CISCO router are as follows : NVRAM stores the startup configuration file DRAM stores the configuration file that is being executed Flash Memory ? stores the Cisco IOS