Integrated engineering data: which two disciplines are typically tied together by a common database to ensure continuity from design to production?

Introduction / Context:
Efficient product development requires seamless data flow from design intent to manufacturing execution. Sharing a common database reduces translation errors, prevents version drift, and accelerates change propagation across the lifecycle.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• CAD systems generate authoritative geometry and specifications.
• CAM systems derive toolpaths and process plans from that geometry.
• A shared or tightly synchronized database minimizes rework.

Concept / Approach:
CAD–CAM integration via a common database (or synchronized models) preserves a single source of truth. When engineering updates a feature, CAM automatically flags affected toolpaths, reducing the risk of machining obsolete geometry. This integration often extends to PLM/MES, further aligning BOMs, routings, and quality plans.

Step-by-Step Solution:
Identify disciplines that must exchange precise geometry and process details.Select the pair that directly links design data to manufacturing instructions: CAD and CAM.

Verification / Alternative check:
Modern platforms advertise “CAD/CAM in one” or associative toolpaths, demonstrating practical benefits of a common database.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:
Documentation and drafting are supportive but do not inherently drive manufacturing instructions. Testing and analysis usually loop back to design but are not the primary production link. “None” is incorrect because CAD and CAM are the canonical pair.

Common Pitfalls:
Breaking associativity by exporting dumb geometry (e.g., neutral files) without managing revision control; this leads to toolpath errors.

Final Answer:
Computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing